Lori Hufford, VP Engineering Collaboration, Bentley Systems, provides expert insights into how digital twin technology will be essential in designing more sustainable and robust future infrastructure.
A quick glance at any newspaper worldwide will reveal stories of drought, excessive temperatures – cold and hot – water shortages, extreme flooding, storms, fires, and all sorts of climate-related catastrophes.
As communities, businesses, and governments cope with these events, we need to acknowledge that the infrastructure we build plays a big part in addressing our relationship with our planet. Infrastructure produces economic and social advancements in communities, but it has historically driven carbon emissions and other unwanted environmental impacts. By advancing how infrastructure is designed, built, and operated, we can aspire to meet our economic and sustainability goals as we future-proof our physical environment from climate change.
Today, immersive technology, as a precursor to the metaverse, lets software developers create virtual, interactive worlds for any purpose in any setting. We can use this technology to make our infrastructure more sustainable and resilient in the real world.
Case in point, the infrastructure digital twin.
What is an infrastructure digital twin?
An infrastructure digital twin is a 3D digital representation of something in the physical world that is continuously updated with real-time data, making the digital twin a ‘live’ interactive digital representation of an object or system. In interactive 3D worlds created just for entertainment, engineering-grade accuracy and the laws of physics do not have to apply. But for infrastructure, they are a requirement. Infrastructure digital twins must have millimetre precision, geospatial alignment, and support for complex, 3D engineering schemas.
Whether a water pipe buried beneath a city street or a wind turbine three miles offshore, infrastructure digital twins incorporate model data from concept through construction, such as real data from drone surveys – including the environmental surroundings. They also gather data through devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT), such as fixed or mobile sensors that capture detailed, engineering-rich information—including temperature fluctuations, wind speeds, and carbon emissions.
Infrastructure engineering software company, Bentley Systems, is advancing infrastructure digital twins. By pairing infrastructure digital twins with advanced visualisation and simulation technology – such as Epic Games’ Unreal Engine that powers the ever-popular online interactive game Fortnite, as well as leading platforms from NVIDIA (Omniverse) and Unity – we can leverage that data into immersive virtual experiences to analyse the harmful effects of flash flooding, monitor pollution in cities, and even manage the health of trees in an urban landscape.
Who would have thought that designing, building, and operating infrastructure in interactive digital worlds could help us track carbon emissions and conserve resources to impact climate change positively?
The key to harnessing the value for the planet related to infrastructure is a physically accurate digital twin complete with rich engineering data to model the built infrastructure and its surroundings. Imagine being able to model the real world that is affected by climate change and then generate rich metaverse experiences and simulations to find solutions. Whether it is capturing changing flood plains and ocean level rise in the natural world or analysing the resiliency of critical infrastructure like an electrical grid, infrastructure digital twins hold the key.
A point in time view is not enough, however. By recording and modelling processes in our built and natural environments and tracking those changes over time, we can use infrastructure digital twins like a time machine to look at where we have been, where we are now, and where we are going. This is a powerful tool to assess, change, and even reverse our carbon footprint. Infrastructure digital twins, and the immersive interactive experiences based upon them, offer up virtual change agents and create a stage for sustainably meeting the world’s infrastructure needs.
Technology is only of value if it is usable and accessible. Digital twin technology, with the evolving metaverse, provides accessibility across any platform to match the desired experience –
web, desktop, mobile, or mixed reality. These advances reach beyond the gaming community to infrastructure designers and engineers, project managers, and other stakeholders who want to visualise and model the sustainability of their project – whether they are coordinating a construction site, touring a power plant, or redesigning a bridge to be more resilient against extreme weather. Engineers can use real-time data and artificial intelligence to take us on a simulated journey into the future and see the outcomes of design decisions, methods, and material selection that affect our carbon footprint.
Real-world applications for combatting climate change
Combating climate change is a global effort, and any organisation trying to meet Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) need the right tools to get there. This technology can be democratised for any project size, scope, or complexity, regardless of where in the world the project is located. The economic and environmental benefits of using digital twins for infrastructure have no boundaries. Rather, the open-source nature of collaborating in the virtual world takes full advantage of talent from any location to solve pressing problems.
According to the Center for Strategic & International Studies, clean water infrastructure is considered ‘a critical aspect of the water agenda’ set by the G7 Build Back Better World Partnership (B3W), and digital twin technology is poised to take on the challenges of water scarcity and sanitation on a global scale.
At the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climatic Data Center scientists use historical rainfall data from digital twins to virtually test the operation of existing stormwater systems. They can then forecast data to model the impact of a major storm event and see the impact that it would have on any present or future stormwater infrastructure designs. Water infrastructure projects mapped with digital twins address outdated stormwater systems that are buckling under the stress of heavier rainfall and increased flooding caused by climate change.
Achieving a zero-emissions future could also be possible with the help of infrastructure digital twins. Scientists and engineers are working virtually using infrastructure digital twins to create a carbon-free energy experiment, with 35 countries collaborating to build the world’s largest tokamak – a magnetic fusion device intended to prove the feasibility of nuclear fusion. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) project, based in southern France, expects the experiment to generate 500 megawatts of energy to power up to 200,000 homes if successful. The implications of this potential, unlimited source of clean energy would have an unprecedented impact on sustainable development goals.
Infrastructure digital twins continue to play an impactful role in reducing carbon emissions from road and rail projects. The United Kingdom’s high-speed rail network is a prime example of how infrastructure digital twins enabled engineers to model the carbon impact of a rail system before the construction phase, optimising a low-carbon design and getting on track to meet the carbon requirements set forth by the United Nation’s net-zero initiative.
Due to the increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, infrastructure is under growing pressure for improved monitoring and inspection. In 2021, the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) used digital twins to assess and replace the East 138th Street bridge in New York City’s Bronx borough. Completing the project in such a congested area involved complicated structural design and coordination using a digital twin as the primary construction document. The digital twin may now be continuously updated and used as a tool for asset management and bridge inspection.
While the metaverse is evolving, some experts anticipate that it could be the next great labour platform. Right now, in the infrastructure world, project teams and stakeholders are already meeting virtually to conduct immersive infrastructure design reviews and other critical tasks, such as on-site coordination of resources, to bring those projects to completion effectively.
Rendering virtual worlds can be computer-intensive, driving their own carbon footprint. Being mindful of this and making efficient computing design choices should be a consideration when creating metaverse experiences.
As the needs of our world continue to grow and change in size and scope, digital twins are essential for future-proofing infrastructure and driving climate action with sustainable designs that cut carbon emissions and eliminate waste.
Infrastructure digital twins are not futuristic. As fundamental building blocks of the infrastructure metaverse, they allow groups to interact and collaborate in new ways to help solve problems today for a more sustainable and resilient tomorrow.
